Site Map
- Top level
- Introduction
- Overall goals
- Central Tenants of PACE
- Artificial Cells in PACE
- Introduction to Protocells and Artificial Cells
- Evolutionary stable integration: IT is key to chemical artificial cell
- Roadmaps to artificial cells
- Scientific Progress and Results
- Artificial cells: conception and simulation
- Modeling artificial cells
- Classification of artificial cell models
- Synthetic Chemoton
- Los Alamos Bug
- Autocatalytic reaction networks for artificial cells
- Continuum models of vesicular protocells
- A Synthetic Chemoton
- The Los Alamos Bug
- Quantum mechanical models of components and logic
- Quantum mechanical simulation
- Introduction
- Quantum mechanical self-assembly of artificial minimal living cells
- Quantum processes in photosynthesis of artificial minimal living cells
- Quantum mechanical control of functions of artificial minimal living cells
- A list of PACE project related science publications
- A list of conference presentations and press releases
- Summary
- Molecular Dynamics of lipid aggregates
- Autocatalytic reaction networks for artificial cells
- Continuum models of vesicular protocells
- Protocell self-reproduction in a continuum model of a spatially-extended metabolism-vesicle system
- Synthetic Turing Protocells: vesicle self-reproduction through symmetry breaking instabilities
- Towards multiscale simulation
- Micellar protocell life-cycle by reactive DPD
- Dissipative particle dynamics extended by chemical reactions
- Container replication
- Gene replication
- Coupling of subsystems
- Summary and References
- Vesicular protocell life-cycle by mprDPD
- The Virtual Lab
- Summary and Conclusions
- Artificial cell evolution and functionality
- Container growth and replicator dynamics in pre-biotic chemistry
- Synchronization of replicator and aggregate growth
- Combined lipid/template growth synchronisation and template evolution
- Generic Darwinian selection in catalytic protocell assemblies
- Evolutionary aspects of physical self-assembling kinetic models
- EvoCPU -- Algorithmic Self-Assembly
- Motivation
- Micro-controllers and molecules
- Introduction
- Model
- Simplifying the micro-controllers
- From structured programming towards programmed networks
- Some results
- Consequences of recognition
- Physical properties involved
- Discussion
- References
- Simulation of higher-order self-assembly
- Molecular Computation in Protocells
- Introduction
- Dynamics of Informazyme Systems
- Molecular Classifier Systems (MCS)
- Conclusion
- References
- Distributed computation in protocells
- Information dynamics
- Introduction
- Information analysis of chemical patterns
- Chemical and spatial information
- Decomposition of spatial information
- Reaction-diffusion dynamics
- Flows of information in a closed system
- A continuity equation for information
- Gray-Scott model and self-replicating spots
- Information dynamics at microscopic levels
- Extended Gray-Scott model for the fan reactor
- Hierarchical dynamics
- Chemical subsystems for artificial cells
- Catalipids: towards a minimal chemoton (closed to public)
- Redox-controllable DNA liagtion (closed to public)
- Trisoligo-scaffolding as an alternative approach to protocells
- Systems Chemistry and PACE
- Kinetic NMR titration and SimFit: Tools in the Systems Chemistry Toolbox
- PNA-a synthetic DNA mimic
- Gene-container coupling using PNA
- Towards PNA chemical replicator
- PNA metabolic chemistry integration
- Towards analysis of PNA self-replication via kinetic NMR titrations
- References
- Microfluidic support systems for artificial cells
- Microsystem design and development
- Microfluidic Roadmaps to Artificial Cells
- Design methodology
- Electronic single-layer design and fabrication
- High density electronic design and fabrication
- Goals for high density electrode design
- Development stages for two layer electrode design
- Final design conception
- Electronic double-layer fabrication
- Microfluidic mutli-layer fabrication by soft lithography
- Optical interface layer
- Assembly and interconnection technology
- New Robust, parallel microfluidic interconnects
- Programmable microreactor - the "H"-microreactor
- Designs for replication and compartmentation
- The standing wave "fan"-reactor
- Droplet generation and passive mixing microreactors with meander-shaped reaction channels
- Twin-compartment microreactors
- Combinatorial multi-compartment reaction Networks
- Microreactors with integrated gel separation channels
- Microsystems for phase space screening
- Hydrodynamically controlled µ-fluidic gradient systems
- Electronically controlled µ-fluidic gradient systems
- Future integrated design
- Microsystem implementation of artificial cell subsystems
- Replication
- Establishing ongoing template replication in microfluidics
- Development of microscale enzymatic ligation amplification system
- Microfluidic integration of an autocatalytic amplification system
- Self-replication of thioDNA in microsystems
- Microfluidic integration of spatially confined replication
- Compartmentation
- Compartmentation via droplets
- Compartmentation via spatial isolation
- Compartmentation via photo-assisted gelation
- Compartmentation via reversible thermal gelation
- Metabolism
- Electronic Programming of Chemistry
- Genetic Concentration and Dosing
- Transport and concentration experiments in "H"-microreactors
- Electronically programmable artificial membranes
- Electronic concentration and mixing control
- Programmable gelation and DNA-separation in a microfluidic environment
- Microgel Electrophoresis and Product Analysis
- Control of pH and on-chip monitoring
- Control of vesicles
- The Omega Machine
- Conception
- Experimental realization
- The Chemical Microprocessor - ChµP
- Programmable microscope system
- Programmable fluidic-microwell interface
- Electronic and PC control interface
- Adaptive software and control system
- The BioPro software package
- BioPro software - Quick Start Tutorial
- Description of device driver software development
- FPGA design and programming
- Software external interface and specification
- Interpreted development environment in Mathematica
- Summary
- Summary, conclusions and future work
- Evolutionary optimization towards artificial cells
- Role of optimization in artificial cells
- Experimental requirements for evolutionary optimization
- Design of Experiments for iterated high throughput screening
- Failure of classical Design of Experiments
- Genetic Algorithm (GA) approaches
- Model-based evolutionary design and optimization
- Illustration of model-based optimization
- Experimental optimization
- Further applications of evolutionary optimization
- Summary and Conclusions
- Programmed self-assembly of artifiical cells
- Macroscopic self-assembly
- Microscopic self-assembly
- Applications
- IT-potential of artificial cells
- Scientific activity at ECLT
- ICT implications
- Programmable artificial sub-cellular matrix
- Background
- Realization
- What would be the impact of a breakthrough in this area for science, technology, economy and society?
- Computational potential of artificial cells
- Morphological computation and self-assembly
- Nanoscale embodied cellular robotics
- Evolutionary optimization of experimental protocols
- The omega machine and programming by complementation
- Application Potential
- Applications of chemical substems
- Applications potential of chemical subsystems
- Nucleobase sequence guided reactions in non-aqueous media
- Sequence tagged containers
- Kinetic NMR titration and SimFit analyses
- References
- Summary
- References
- Applications of future artificial cells
- Applications of electronically programmable microfluidic technology
- Applications of evolutionary procedures to system integration
- Liposome optimization for drug delivery
- In vitro protein synthesis optimization
- Optimization of media for bacterial growth
- Optimization of plastic fabrication
- Optimization of catalysis
- Applications of self-assembly to micro and nanoscale system design and embodied robotics
- Ethical Issues and Guidelines for Artificial Cell Research
- What are artificial cells from an ethics point of view
- The PACE ethics workshops
- Two relevant books from PACE
- Further links of interest
- European Center for Living Technology and Outreach
- Achievements of ECLT
- Scientific Achievements
- Social and Ethical Guidelines
- Growth, Location and Living Tech Lab
- New Members
- New Projects of ECLT
- European Center for Living Technology and Outreach
- Achievements of ECLT
- Scientific Achievements
- Social and Ethical Guidelines
- Growth, Location and Living Tech Lab
- New Members
- New Projects of ECLT
- Foundation of a Center for Living Technology
- Other outreach activities
- Foundation of a Center for Living Technology
- Other outreach activities
- Summary and Conclusions
- Achievements on original objectives
- Progress in the Foundations of Artificial Cell Science
- Progress for Future Emerging IT
- Responsibility for Science, Society and Policy
- Impact on Ongoing Activities
- PACE Publications & Data
- PACE Activities
- Deliverables
- Publications
- All publications arranged by type
- Publications in journals, books and conference proceedings by year
- Conferences and Summer Schools
- Press
- PACE Related Projects
- Contacts